Murderer – creative writing

It was an exquisite day. A 15-year-old boy called Tom who is in year 11 at Charlton high school. Tom is a skinny boy with brown hair and blue eyes. Tom walks to school every school day. As Tom walked he thought back at the day he had yesterday. â€Å"It wasn't bad† Tom said to himself. But there is always something in your self, which says opposite to whatever you say or do. It's of course your mind and it said â€Å"No you didn't you had an awful day yesterday. You killed a man!† Yes, Tom did kill a man and he is called Mr.Diver. It's not because he wanted to kill him it's because he had to if he want to see his mum and dad together. He wanted his mum and dad together since they divorced. They divorced when Tom was very little so he doesn't have that much memory of his mum and dad together. Mr.Diver is Tom's mum's future husband. Tom hated Mr.Diver since he first met him. Mr.Diver is a fat man with hardly any neck. Mr.Diver is a bus driver. If you ask Tom what is his favourite day is he would say Friday because that is the day Tom meets his dad. Mr.Newton is his dad and there is a big difference between Mr.Newton and Mr.Diver maybe this is the reason why Tom hates Mr.Diver. Mr.Newton is a skinny man with long neck. Normally Tom and his dad spend Friday afternoons either playing football or go to a restaurant. In restaurant they talk about what happened during the week. Since Tom heard that his mum is going to marry Mr.Diver he thought he must stop this marriage if he doesn't his dreams will be shattered. So he planned to kill Mr.Diver. He came up with a brilliant plan. The plan was to kill Mr.Diver when he comes around Tom's house. But there shouldn't be anyone in Tom's house apart from Tom and Mr.Diver. The day came when Tom's mother told Tom and Mr.Diver that they have to stay alone. That night Tom made a plan that he is going to stab Mr.Diver and he kept things normal as possible. He didn't make sudden movements or speak to Mr.Diver too much because he never speaks to Mr.Diver normally. Tom kept penknives in his pocket and waited for exact moment to come. The moment came when Mr.Diver asked Tom if he want something to eat? Tom thought that when Mr.Diver is preparing the food he could go behind him and stab him. â€Å"Do you want anything to eat Tom?† asked Mr.Diver again. â€Å"Can I have a sandwich please?† said Tom. â€Å"I'll make one quickly,† said Mr.Diver. When Mr.Diver went to the kitchen to make a sandwich Tom went quietly behind him. Tom stopped near the kitchen door for a few seconds and took two penknives out. Tom saw that Mr.Diver is showing his back to him so Tom seized the chance and walked behind Mr.Diver and stabbed him once in the back and once in the neck. Tom put the body in Mr.Diver's car, which was a bit far away from Tom's house so it would look like when Mr.Diver got on the car someone stabbed him. When his mum Tom said nothing he just watched TV. â€Å"Where's Mr.Diver?† asked Tom's mum. â€Å"Oh he left already,† said Tom. â€Å"You should go to bed,† said Tom's mum. â€Å"Why what is the time?† asked Tom. He wants to keep things as normal as possible. â€Å"It's ten,† said Tom's mum. â€Å"Ok,† said Tom. At school Tom didn't concentrate on anything apart from Mr.Diver. He wanted to find out if the police had found it out. Third lesson the receptionist came and asked Tom to take his things and come with her and Tom knew that it was about Mr.Diver. His mum was in the reception and she said Tom to come with her and tom asked why and she said that she'd tell him on the way. â€Å"Why did you come to the school? What's wrong? â€Å"Mr.Diver is dead,† said Tom's mum â€Å"Who did a such a terrible thing?† asked Tom. â€Å"That's what police trying to find out. He was found in his car stabbed and the police things that someone tried to steal his car and didn't succeed so they killed him,† said Tom's mum. Tom was about to ask why didn't they take the car but he thought better leave it. When he and his mum came to their house they saw that the police was in. â€Å"Don't worry they just taking photos of the scene,† said Tom's mum. Tom now felt that his next step was to tell his father what happened and say to him that he should speak to Tom's mum and tell her exactly what happened and the reason for Tom to kill Mr.Diver and Tom believed by this his mum and dad would come together. The following Friday Tom met his dad and his dad asked him what happened to Mr.Diver and Tom told him exactly what happened and told him to say to his mum. His dad told him that he will talk to her and advised him to don't kill any one again. The following day when Tom woke up he saw that his dad was with his mum and his mum was crying and asked Tom â€Å"Why did you do this? You should've told me that you don't like Mr.Diver and you shouldn't have killed Mr.Diver† † I'm sorry mum,† said Tom â€Å"Now on we'll forget what happened in the past and thing of what will happen in future,† said Tom's dad.

Pride and Prejudice: Mr Collins proposes Essay

Mr Collins proposes to both Elizabeth and Charlotte but their reactions are very different. What does the behaviour of all three characters during chapters 19, 20 & 22 tell us about the different attitudes to marriage in the early nineteenth century? Throughout the book Pride & Prejudice, there are many different views towards marriage expressed. For example, Elizabeth Bennet wishes to marry for love whereas Charlotte Lucas doesn’t mind marrying someone she doesn’t love just for the security of marriage. Mr Collins, on the other hand, wants to marry to set a good example as the vicar, and on the advice from Lady Catherine de Bough. These attitudes are different from ours today in that women today don’t need the security of marriage and rarely marry without even liking their prospective partner. In chapter six, Elizabeth shows that she only wishes to marry for love and not for money or security. When Charlotte tells Lizzie her advice, that you should know as little as possible about your partner before you marry them, Lizzie says â€Å"You make me laugh Charlotte†¦you would never act this way yourself!† This shows that Lizzie does not agree with this view of marriage and finds it slightly ridiculous. This is similar to our attitude to marriage today in that, like women today, Lizzie wants to know her partner properly, unlike Charlotte, and love them before she marries them. Mr Collins proposes to Lizzie in chapter 19, but Lizzie declines because she does not love or even like him. This is very admirable of her as many women in her situation would have accepted purely for the security of being able to stay in her family home. However Mr Collins perseveres in his proposal, convinced she is only joking when she refuses him, and she becomes more adamant, saying â€Å"I am perfectly serious in my refusal – you could not make me happy, and I am convinced that I am the last woman in the world who could make you so.† This shows she is headstrong and will only ever marry for love. Her mother Mrs Bennet wants Lizzie to marry Mr Collins so that Lizzie will be in financial security and be able to stay at Longbourn. However Mr Bennet doesn’t want her to marry Mr Collins because he knows she doesn’t like him and wants her to be happy, also he doesn’t want her to have a marriage like his and Mrs Bennet’s because they didn’t marry for love. When Charlotte tells Lizzie she has accepted Mr Collins’ proposal, Lizzie is very surprised. She says â€Å"Engaged to Mr Collins! My dear Charlotte – impossible!† which shows that she cannot believe her friend would get engaged to him so soon after she herself refused him. This tells us that her attitude to marriage is very different from her friend’s and that she can’t contemplate Charlotte marrying Mr Collins even though she does not like him In chapter 15, Mr Collins’ attitude to marriage is described. He has decided to marry now because he has a good house and a very sufficient income, therefore he has a better chance of getting a wife as he can offer financial security. He chooses one of the Bennet girls to make amends with the family as he is to inherit Longbourn. This is not a good reason for marrying. He originally wanted to propose to Jane, however Mrs Bennet informs Mr Collins that Jane is ‘soon to be engaged’, so he changes his mind to Lizzie instead. This shows that his ‘love’ for Lizzie cannot be true because she is his ‘second choice’. Also it tell us that he is desperate to get married so won’t give up that easily. When he proposes to Lizzie he states his reasons for marrying all in the wrong order. He mentions that â€Å"I think it a right thing for every clergyman in easy circumstances (like myself) to set the example of matrimony in his parish† and â€Å"I am convinced it will add greatly to my happiness† all before he mentions any love for Lizzie. When Lizzie turns him down he cannot understand why and thinks she is joking. He says â€Å"†¦it is usual with young ladies to reject the addresses of the man who they secretly mean to accept†¦I am therefore by no means discouraged.† This shows he is very arrogant and thinks very highly of himself. Also, the fact that he would be prepared to marry a woman who does not even like him tells us that he is desperate to get a wise and that he doesn’t want to displease Lady Catherine de Bough and has advised him to marry. He proposes to Charlotte just three days after Lizzie refuses him. This tells us that his ‘love’ for Lizzie was false as he moved on so fast. Also, if he had loved Lizzie his love for Charlotte could not have been true as he would not have gotten over Lizzie. In chapter 6 Charlotte talks to Lizzie about her views on marriage. She says to Lizzie â€Å"Happiness in marriage is entirely and matter of chance.† This tells us that she doesn’t mind if she marries someone she doesn’t love, because it is a matter of chance if she is happy or not. This is very different to our attitude to marriage today as people today marry for love and don’t share Charlotte’s views that happiness is a matter of chance. She accepts Mr Collins’ proposal because he has a good house and income and can offer her financial security. It is not surprising that she accepts because she is close to becoming an old maid and her views of marriage show that she does not want to marry for love but for security. This changes my opinion of her in that she is not as headstrong as Lizzie because she is so desperate for the security of marriage that she is happy to marry Mr Collins, whom she does not love. However, she followed her own advice from previous chapters and sticks to her views, which is admirable. Elizabeth’s attitude to marriage is closest to our views today; she believes in marrying for love and not for security like her good friend Charlotte. Charlotte’s views reflect early nineteenth century attitudes to marriage. She believes in marrying purely for the security of marriage, and money. She accepts Mr Collins’ proposal because he can offer her financial security and a good home, and this supports the views she expressed in earlier chapters. Mr Collins come to Longbourn to find a wife on the advice of Lady Catherine de Bough, whom he idolizes, and because he thinks it will set a good example in his parish. His attitude is quite different from today, as people today make their own choices about marriage and do not need to set a good example in their life and job by being married. I agree most with Lizzie’s views on marriage because I think to be happy in marriage you should marry for love and not money or security. I do not agree with the early nineteenth century views on marriage because nowadays we do not need to marry for money or for a good home.

Job Satisfaction Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 16500 words

Job Satisfaction - Dissertation Example The level of employee’s job satisfaction is related to his or her expectations towards the job (Porter and Steers; 1973); this depends on many factors such as pay, promotion, or autonomy. For these expectations, each employee has certain preferential values and these preferences vary across different individuals. The above view is supported by Pearson (1991) who had found that when the level of unmet expectations becomes large, there is low job satisfaction level and the probability of negative behaviour and turn over increases. There is no doubt that Job satisfaction is an interesting subject to both, people inside and outside the organisation (Spector 1997); Spector (1997, p.2) looked at job satisfaction as a humanitarian perspective and stated that people deserve fair and respectful treatment. While Ali (1985) looked at job satisfaction as a function of individual and organisational variables, Metle (1997) believed that individual demographic characters are likely to be the sources of variations in job satisfaction. Locke also points out that job satisfaction is related to other phases of the employee’s life. It has been shown to affect positively, towards family, and towards self. Job satisfaction has also been shown to affect positively on the employee’s physical and mental health (Shell & Dunken 2006). Job satisfaction is considered as an important factor for establishing an organisation’s health; the quality of service rendered by an employee is affected by the job satisfaction level of the employees (Fitzgerald et al. 1994). ... ariables on quality services, such as infrastructures and internal relationships, should also be recognised as factors affecting job satisfaction (Crossman and Abou-Zaki 2003). 2.1 Importance of Job satisfaction: In recent times, Job satisfaction has been one of the most significant topics in organisational research. Job satisfaction has a direct relationship with the organisational climate. In view of the fact that satisfied employees create additional positive working environment for organisations, it is worthwhile to do a research on the employee job satisfaction in organisations (Shell & Duncan 2006). On the other hand Okpara (2006) explained that job dissatisfaction leads to negative job attitudes (i.e. absenteeism, poor performance and low productivity), which is supported by Al-Ajmi (2001) and according to him, these negative job attitudes results in low productivity and lesser profits. Moreover, Barrie (2001) has also reported that a lack of personal satisfaction is the reason of quitting the job. Literature show that satisfied workers tend to be self motivated and self motivated behaviours exceed the formal requirements of a job (Schnake 1991; Organ and Revan 1995). In contrast, dissatisfied workers according to Spector (1997) show an increased tendency for counterproductive behaviours (i.e. withdrawals, burnout, and workplace aggression). Moreover Everts (2001) argues that the behaviour of the employees who are not satisfied, may impact negatively on their performance, as well as those around them. According to Whinghter and Blazer (2005) knowledge, understanding and improving job satisfaction can contribute positively towards the organisational goals, so the study of job satisfaction is important because of the following reasons: 1- Reduced Employee

Negotiation & Conflict Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Negotiation & Conflict Resolution - Essay Example I was negotiating with him to lower the rent. My tangible goal was to lower the rent, while my intangible goal was to negotiate in a manner so as not to spoil my amicable relationship with my landlord. My landlord’s tangible goal was to fix the rent according to his desire, whereas his intangible goal was to get hold of a new tenant if I could not meet his terms. My position was to negotiate till I could reduce the rental amount. However, my landlord’s position was not revealed during the negotiation. My interest was in the fact that too high rent will be unaffordable for me and my landlord’s interest was to increase the rent to cover the increasing rate of inflation. I could not have paid the rent if it exceeded ten per cent of my salary. My landlord’s resistance point was not revealed during the negotiation. Any negotiation is incomplete if the involved parties do not consider and evaluate their BATNA. The BATNA not only acts as an alternate action plan, but also places the person in a stronger position with respect to the opponent in negotiation. For this reason, it is advisable that one works on discovering and strengthening his BATNA and also showcases it to the other party. However, one must keep in mind that he should reveal his BATNA only and only if he feels it is strong enough to give him an upper hand in the negotiation. A weak BATNA should better not be revealed as it may backfire by working against the person. My BATNA was strong because there were two similar apartments in my neighbourhood with similar amenities, landlords carrying a good reputation and rent well within my budget. However, at that point of time, the landlord of one of those buildings was also involved in serious rent negotiation with his tenants and moreover, a few other persons were interested in taking up my apartment on rent, in case I vacated it. For this reason, my landlord’s BATNA was also strong. I strengthened my BATNA by studying landlor ds are charging for similar accommodation in my locality, and whether houses with reasonable amenities are available at lower prices. I did my homework by seeing nearby places, checking their rents and making a note of details such as square footage, furnishings, appliances, amenities and proximity to workplace, gym and marketplace. Then I played them off against each other and made sure that there are many alternative accommodations available in the area. My landlord had revealed that his interest was to cover the growing inflation by raising the rent. He had therefore prepared his BATNA by considering some new prospects for filling up the vacancy in case I quit. Before entering into a verbal discussion process with my landlord, I had clearly outlined the purpose of our discussion as an attempt to reach a collaborative decision by finalizing a rent amount that suited both of us and helped in keeping our cordial ties intact. Having thus developed the agenda, we started off a brainst orming session in order to evaluate all the possible alternatives available to us. Various ideas were generated from both parties as an alternative to the rent hike. My landlord suggested options such as longer lease period, advance payment of multiple months’ rent or longer notice period in the lease termination agreement. On the other hand, I offered to give up the parking space and made a deal for referrals for his other apartment that he was planning

SOX Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

SOX Project - Essay Example Correspondingly, the study reveals that the company has been able to conduct operations in a reliable as well as sustainable manner. Economy and finance are interrelated subjects in the present day context. Thus, financial institutions are required to protect themselves from crisis and recession conditions for better business sustainability. It is with this notion that the United States Federal Law has been implemented at different levels to protect financial institutions from forecasted crises. Additionally, these laws have been enacted with the intention of ascertaining that financial institutions are administered well proficiently to minimize malpractices conducted by corporate entities at often instances (Ryu et al., 2006). A prominent example of such a law is the US implemented Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), which was enacted in the year 2002 with the intention of restoring confidence among market segments and corporate sectors worldwide following the liquidation of Enron Corporation. This Act was intended to assist in resolving issues existing within the auditing or accounting practices conducted by professional s as per the company legislations. Formally, in the Senate, the SOX Act is known as â€Å"Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act† and in the House, it is identified as â€Å"Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act† (OSHA, 2011). In this essay, the effectiveness of the SOX Act will be assessed with consideration to HSBC Finance Corporation, which is a subsidiary of Hong Kong Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) Group, headquartered in the UK. It is a financial service providing company. The company is also identified to provide different financial services that include auto loans, real estate loans, insurance products and Visa credit card as well as MasterCard loans among others. In this context, the company operating in the US is required to

A serial-killer investigation in a Korean rural setting in Memories of Essay

A serial-killer investigation in a Korean rural setting in Memories of Murder - Essay Example The story follows a linear structure that is typical of detective films. It starts with the first body found, and then revelations of the bodies of other victims. Detectives Park and Seo work with other cops to examine the evidence and crime scenes. Slowly, they learn more about the killing methods of the killer (i.e. using the things of the victims to kill them, such as panty hose for strangling their necks, putting their panties on their faces, and tying hands with the same knot) and his preferences in his victims (i.e. almost all are sexy, beautiful, and wearing red dresses walking at rainy nights). The investigation, in addition, slowly reveals more information about the personality of the detectives and their society. Inspector Park is shown as the contrast of Seo. Park is biased and unsystematic, almost apathetic to the victims, while Seo is scientific in his approach and committed to his job. The film also shows the setting’s socioeconomic and political issues. For inst ance, the rice fields show that the main livelihood of the people is agriculture. The surroundings also show rural poverty and political chaos. The mise-en-scene captures wide rice fields and old buildings. The police station and other interiors of buildings are shabby. The people’s costumes also demonstrate their poverty with faded clothing. The sharp contrast is seen between the first parts of the parade, where high school students wear traditional Korean dresses, but it rains, so they go for cover, and the next scene, which shows a riot against the president.

Black women thru history Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Black women thru history - Research Paper Example To allow her personal aspirations to fall victim to life's hardships was a solution that many slaves accepted, but for Harriet Tubman that would have been a costly sacrifice. Through perseverance, drive, and passion she rose above difficulties, and her long term goal to be free served as a light at the end of a seemingly never -ending tunnel. After releasing herself from the curse of slavery, Harriet Tubman sensed to be grateful to assist others see their illumination at the ending of their tunnel. Until the Civil War, she used all her money and resources to return to the south in secret. There were about nineteen trips like this, in which she brought more than three hundred slaves out of bondage. Then again, in the summer of 1863, during the war, she led a major raid into enemy territory resulting in the freeing of more slaves and the destruction of supplies that could aid the enemy. She also served at a number of hospitals were she nursed and healed both blacks and whites. After th e war, Harriet Tubman was an advocate for women's suffrage; and until her death in 1913 she worked for the poor, the disadvantaged, and the elderly among African Americans. Harriet Tubman was one who was dedicated to helping others know the satisfaction of obtaining their goals. No matter what her situation, if there was a knock on her door, she would answer it as she was able. During the course of her life Harriet Tubman has suffered for what she believed. She took the road least traveled by many slaves which had made all the difference in her life. She did not let anything stand in her way to freedom. When she was in her teens, she no longer allowed to work indoors because the masters though she would be better working in fields. In 1844 she got married. The amazing parts in her life began when the owner of the Bordras Plantation died. In 1849 her fears were realized when the owner of Brodas plantation died and many slaves were to be sold. When she heard her fate she decided to es cape that night the only person she informed was her sister because she knew her husband would snitch on her. She was much considerate about her family members. She went back to Maryland to rescue her sister’s family and she succeeded. Then they returned to transport her brothers to the North. Later she came for her husband, but he remarried and didn’t follow her. In 1857 she finally returned for her and settled her perents in Audurn, New York. She was nicknamed the "Moses of her people," because she helped so many blacks escape slavery. (Taylor, 66) In all, Harriet made 19 trips on the Underground Railroad and freed more then 300 slaves. With the arrival of the civil war, Harriet became a spy for the union army. She later worked in Washington D.C as government nurse. At the end of the war, Harriet returned to her parents in Aurbarn. On March 10, 1913 Harriet died of pneumonia. She was 93 years old. Harriet Tubman saved 300 slaves in 19 trips. She got married twice. Sh e lived a very long life. She made a big difference in many peoples lives .And I think she will always be a hero. Harriet herself fled to Pennsylvania with help from the Underground Railroad. She faced many problems on her way to freedom especially encounters with bounty hunters because of the $12 000

Financial statement analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial statement analysis - Essay Example This implies that the firm has less liquidity as compared to the industry generally. However, both ratios are below the Third quartile and therefore there are companies in the industry with higher liquidity ratios than S&S Air. The company may therefore have less predictable cash flows and less access to short-term borrowing (Fridson, & Alvarez, F., 2002). A quick ratio of 0.37 is slightly higher than the industry median and this has the meaning that S&S has about the same value of inventory as the Current Liabilities. Since the company has about the same inventory as the industry median, its inventory to current liabilities ratio is more or less the same as the median for the industry. The turnover ratios as compared to the industry median are all higher and even higher than the upper quartile. This implies the efficiency of S&S Air than the whole of the industry. On the other hand, the leverage ratios are all below the industry median depicting that the firm is less dependent on debt than related companies are. In addition, the Profit Margin for the company is equal to that of the industry median while the ROA and the ROE are all above the industry median as well as the lower quartile. In short, the performance of the airline is good despite the liquidity ratios indicating that close monitoring is necessary in its operations. Using ROA of 10.61% and the retention ratio, we will be able to get the internal growth rate. The constant b= $9,233,930/$1,845,242 = 5.004; Using the internal growth rate equation: Internal growth rate = (0.1061 Ãâ€" 5.004) / [1 – (0.1061 Ãâ€" 5.004)] =113.18%. we go further to find the sustainability growth rate using ROE of 19.31% as follows; Sustainable growth rate = (0.1931 Ãâ€" 5.004) / [1 – (0.1931 Ãâ€" 5.004)] = 28.65. Without outside financing of any sort, the company is able to achieve a growth rate of 113.18% and the growth rate would even be enormously higher when it gets funding externally (Robinson,

BHS 427 Health Care Finance (Module 2CBT) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BHS 427 Health Care Finance (Module 2CBT) - Essay Example b. The second alternative is for R Squared to try to reduce the variable cost per scan by improving operational efficiency or replacing experienced staff with relatively inexperienced employees (but ensuring the same quality of work). If variable cost can be reduced to $1,100, the breakeven volume will be 113 and target profit of $10,000 will be achievable (refer to following calculations). .. Since R Squared must charge $200 less than the community price of $2,100 to get the contract, the second alternative may be pursued. 5. Approximately how many patients will have to be scanned for General Hospital to make a profit of $20,000 per month Let, V = Variable cost per scan = $1,200 F = Fixed cost = $90,000 NI = Targeted net income = $20,000 Pi = Internally set price paid by charge payers = $1,200 Pe = Externally set fixed price = $1,500 CO = Proportion of cost payers = 30% CH = Proportion of charge payers = 45% FP = Proportion of fixed-price payers = 25% The required patient volume is calculated using the following formula: Volume = [(1 - CO) F + NI] / [(CH x Pi) + (FP x Pe) - (1 - CO) V] Volume = [(1 - 0.3) x 90,000 + 20,000] / [(0.45 x 1,200) + (0.25 x 1,500) - (1 - 0.3) x 1,200] Volume = [63,000 + 20,000] / [540 + 375 - 840] Volume = 83,000 / 75 Volume = 1,106 patients Hence, out of total 1,318 patients (482 in-patient and 836 out-patient) per month, 1,106 patients will have to be scanned for General Hospital to make a profit of $20,000 per

Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Critical Analysis - Essay Example This report compares two journal articles highlighting competitor analysis, identifying the varying approaches to competitor analysis and key findings as to best practice for strategic management through competitor monitoring and assessment. Identifying potential opportunities and threats associated with competitor activities is the fundamental purpose of competitor analysis in order to determine whether the business can maintain a competitive advantage and how best to go about doing this. Bergen & Peteraf (2002) describe the importance of competitor analysis as being a positive motivator to increase managerial awareness of external threats and risks, essentially creating a leader who does not take a rather myopic approach to business strategy. The authors suggests that once the competitor has been identified, it is a primary goal to define the market in which the business thrives and determine whether competitors have an edge in finance, product or marketing and look for avenues by which to close this edge through positive business changes. Through this method of competitor analysis, the business understands the overall relevance of competitive activities and prevents the company from being blindsided by surprise moves in similar market environments. The authors propose a detailed, two step framework in competitor analysis in which the most important element is recognizing the level of threat stemming from each competitive entity. For instance, indirect competition is measured along with potential competition and direct competition (Bergen & Peteraf). By identifying competition in this fashion, business leadership creates a company profile based on the level of threat that each competitor maintains in any given business situation. This profile is then compared to long-term company strategy to determine which, if any, internal or external company resources should be allocated to

US School Programs on Obesity Prevention Measures for Children of the 21st Century Essay Example for Free

US School Programs on Obesity Prevention Measures for Children of the 21st Century Essay About one third of American children and 15% of teenagers are overweight or obese. (Obesity, 2009) Many factors contribute to obesity in children including genetics, poor diet, and lack of physical exertion, environment, and uninformed parents. Obesity is an unhealthy accumulation of body fat that threatens the youth of our nation. From the 20th to the 21st century obesity has increased by a factor of four and continues to grow unchecked. Given the nature of our lives and how they have dramatically changed from playing outside to playing video games, from eating homemade food to fast food, and the amount of technology our youth is exposed to currently obesity is at an all-time high. The research will show our nation’s efforts to address the youth of our nation on obesity, causes of obesity, and preventive actions to obesity though school programs. The research will show how obesity is a growing epidemic and what preventive steps can be taken to reduce the number of children affected by obesity. This research study will be limited to children no older than fifteen and focus on the nation’s schools. The research will focus on specific U. S. responses to causes of obesity from society, habitual exposure to food usage by parents, eating habits, and cafeteria programs. With the development of the causes to obesity the research will also show the specific aspects of addressing obesity in children though schools, parents, nutritional education and physical activeness. Research will be conducted in subscription databases, books, journals, and educational institutions based on 21st century data. This study will examine our nation’s preemptive measures in educational awareness, parental awareness, and activity utilization provided by our schools, government agencies, and state officials. Obesity in most cases is correctable by the maintenance of a proper and well-balanced diet consisting of the essential nutrients and the adequate caloric intake necessary to promote growth and sustain the physiological requirements at the various stages of a child’s development. (Pediatric Nutrition, 2009) As children develop there are nutritional needs that must be met and provided for a healthy start to life. Parenting plays a large role in a child’s preventive actions to obesity. The research will address the educational information available to parents and its many sources. Preliminary findings support that our nation is making efforts to educate everyone on the importance of obesity awareness and signs of obesity. The nation develops programs and activity guidelines for schools and strictly enforces their usage based upon an academic value required by the children. The research will show how school programs supporting our children will greatly decrease the likelihood of a child being or becoming obese. Obesity is a national epidemic and if not addressed this issue in will forever dominate and affect our children and their ways of life. Experts from all over the world give time and attention to this ever-growing issue to ensure that our youth who are the future leaders of our world will be healthy and lead active lives. We must make every measure to ensure that our children are given the best opportunities to be healthy by giving them the knowledge and the justification of importance. We as a nation must take the time to educate, inform, practice, and administer healthy choices to our children and to ourselves we will strike a powerful blow to the devastation caused by obesity. The United States school systems are currently engaged in a furious battle against childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is affecting millions of children in America between the ages of 2 and 19 years of age. Obesity is defined as an imbalance between the amount of energy absorbed and energy used, thus resulting in a larger amount of energy coming in than what is being used. The manifestation of this imbalance has many contributing factors that can accumulate or be the direct cause on their own such as genetics, and metabolism. Childhood Obesity is something that we as a nation can change though our school systems. I claim that our schools are the best tools to combat this growing epidemic. Today childhood obesity has public health officials in a state of near panic. About one-fourth of all children from 2 to 5 years old are overweight or obese before they enter kindergarten (Lockhead, 2009). I further claim that our Nation’s school dietary programs must be improved to combat this growing epidemic. Our children are facing life-threating health hazards that must be address. Schools have access to 95% of the children in the United States and this provides a very solid platform for improving the health and awareness within our children. I offer as evidence the recent USDA’s announcement of Team Nutrition Training Grants to improve health of America’s children (USDA, 2010). Team Nutrition is part of the USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service that will improve the schools dietary plans by implementing the principles of the Dietary Guidelines for American and MyPyramid. This is a two year program that will provide education and assistance to staff working in the schools cafeteria’s and lunch rooms. The purpose is to make meals as well as independent meal selections healthier for children. Over the course of the grant, information and education will be provided to parents as well. Parents must help adjust and support healthy eating habits at home. Additional evidence to support my argument comes from Tennessee where a coordinated school health program received praise for dropping obesity by 2% from 2000 to 2006. Budget cuts nearly cost the school this wonderful program, but the state health department was able to provided funding. The program of not selling soda or fruit juice in Tennessee schools increased from 26. 7 percent in 2006 to 74 percent in 2008. And of these schools 64 percent do not sell â€Å"unhealthy items† on school property (McClatchy, 2010). The First Lady Michelle Obama herself also supports and addresses this epidemic on a national scale with her program Let’s Move! addressing Brock Elementary School. First and foremost, were working with all of you to get fresher, more nutritious food into our schools. And we believe that one of the best ways to do this is through the HealthierUS Schools Challenge. This program has spurred schools all across the country to raise their standards and transform their classrooms and cafeterias into healthy eating and learning labs for their students. Thats why weve set a goal of doubling doubling the number of schools that participate in the HealthierUS Schools Challenge by June of 2011. And we want to add an additional one thousand schools in each of the following two years as well. In order to reach that goal, were making it easier for schools to apply by moving our application online, and letting districts apply for all their schools with just one application. Were making it easier for them to succeed by providing better technical assistance and by connecting them with professional chefs through our Chefs Move to Schools program. Already, nearly 1,800 professional chefs have signed up to give nearly 1,300 schools the expert advice they need to meet this challenge. And when schools do succeed, were making that victory just a little bit sweeter, with new cash rewards. And Ill be inviting representatives from each award-winning school to a reception in their honor at the White House. Finally, were working to increase participation in our school lunch program by two million eligible children, and to get another three million kids signed up to start receiving school breakfasts by 2015. Because I think we can all agree that no child in America should be starting school hungry each day. No child should be going without the basic nutrition they need to learn, grow and succeed, in school and in life. But I want to be clear: we cant do any of this unless we pass the Child Nutrition legislation thats before Congress right now. This bi-partisan legislation supports critically-needed investments to help millions of children get the nourishment they need to be healthy. The Senate has already acted. And I hope that the House of Representatives will do the same by the end of the month so that we can get it signed into law. But of course, we all know that healthy eating is only half the battle. Experts recommend that children get at least 60 minutes a day of activity. But we know that many of our kids arent even coming close. Thats why another key component of Lets Move! is to get our kids moving, to find new ways for them to get and stay active and fit. One of the key benchmarks were working to meet is to double the number of children winning the Presidents Active Lifestyle Award. To earn this award, students need to engage in physical activity five days a week, for six weeks. And the idea is for this to become habit-forming. We want to show them how good it feels to be active, so that theyll stick with it long after those six weeks are over. Well be working with afterschool programs and with athletes like Drew Brees and Dominique Dawes to promote this program. And to show everyone how much fun it can be, in the coming weeks, Ill be working to earn an Active Lifestyle Award myself. And I want kids all across the country to join me. Ill be recording my progress online, so if I start falling behind, I hope youll all send me some emails to shame me into getting back on track! So thats some of what were doing to support your work in our schools. And I hope that in the coming months and years, all of you, and schools all across the country will become even more involved in Lets Move!. I hope that more schools will get their kids working toward those Active Lifestyle Awards. Even if you sign up just one class, or just one club, if those kids enjoy it, theyll tell their friends, and soon others will want to join in. I also hope that more school districts will set a goal for themselves of having a certain number of their schools become HealthierUS Schools each year. And I hope that schools will work to help get each other involved as well. Theres no limit on the number of schools that can become HealthierUS Schools. Theres no limit on the number of kids who can get an Active Lifestyle Award. Were all in this together, and everyone can win. So if your school has already met the HealthierUS Schools Challenge, then I hope youll reach out to other schools and help them meet it as well. If youve found an exciting new activity for gym class or a way to get kids to try new foods in the lunchroom, dont keep that a secret share it with other schools, so that their students can benefit too. Thats what were trying to do with our website, Letsmove. gov, where weve posted all kinds of tips, recipes, and information that we wanted to share with folks across this country. In the end, these are the efforts that will make the difference in our kids lives. And all of you are the folks who will determine whether we can solve this problem once and for all. Our First Lady has taken a proactive stance to combat obesity through our schools and has provided incentives and resources to ensure that this epidemic is brought under control. I believe these facts are supportive of the U. S. school programs being present to prevent obesity in our children. These facts show that steps are being taken, however much more awareness to parents and children must be provided given the Nation’s childhood obesity rate. Our schools have been targeted by our government to address our youth we have taken small steps as a nation to address this problem. The evidence shows that programs are being put in place to assist and support the education of children and parents. In conclusion the condition of obesity in our nation is at an all-time high. Our children within the U. S. have a 95% attendance rate to schools. Given that this institution of education is the focal point to which we are able to educate and inform on a mass level it will provide the grounds to combat this epidemic of obesity. Schools can and will be provided the resources necessary to educate and inform both student and parent about the preventive measures to obesity.

Mouse Trap Ease Essay Example for Free

Mouse Trap Ease Essay 2) Has Martha identified the best target market for Trap-Ease? What other market segments might the firm target? Martha has targeted women for her product. She feels that women are the best group to target because they don’t like the mess or the risks created by traditional mouse traps. But what Martha doesn’t know about is woman is a large segment that is too wide to be targeted properly. In the society, woman population is shrinking rapidly causing market that Martha is targeting is shrinking. By right there are a lot of other markets that have more potential which Martha could target. Other market which hold larger potential for Trap-Ease are market like environmentalist, pet’s owner, family with kids, factories, sewage, farm and man. Trap-Ease are reusable and durable, therefore it create less effect on the environment. This advantage would attract environmentalist that would care more for the earth. The environmentalist market are growing rapidly as more and more people are getting aware of the problem faced by the earth such as global warming and deforestation. Trap-Ease also would be attractive for pet’s owner as it doesn’t required poison and dangerous spring mechanism. The traditional mouse trap would pose a treat for the pets as pets might mistaken the poison for the food while the spring loaded mechanism might accidentally snapped on a paw or tongue of pets. Family with kids would also like to have Trap-Ease, traditional mouse trap and poison pose a very large risk to infant and kids. Parent would be happy to have this innovative safe mouse trap to be around compared to the dangerous traditional substitute. The rats are also commonly found in factories, Martha should send some salesman to this market to introduce them Trap-Ease which would not create any mess and reusable. Factory would found it attracting as traditional mouse trap will create mass that would possibly contaminate the food that factories are producing. Martha also could group up with food safety NGO to make sure the factories are free of rats to the benefits of the society, while in doing so introduce Trap-Ease into it which will be the cost effective solution for the problem. Sewage are the main place mouse would live in a city, its full of mouse. Martha could propose to the government to install the Trap-Ease in the sewage to reduce the amount of disease carrying rats in it. This could possibly be the largest market Martha will have. Finally, farm would be very interested to have this Trap-Ease in the farm as this is a cost effective way to control pest. Mouse has always been farm biggest problem, having a cost effective way to manage them? Excellent! Man should be the market segment instead of woman because males that enjoy heavy duty work such as grinding and the like are also another target Market to be considered. Normally in family, man do these â€Å"hard work† instead of woman because most woman are scared of rats. 5)Who is Trap-Ease America’s competition? Trap-Ease America’s competition is any company that creates mouse traps. These competitors are large and hard to fight because most of the companies sold low quality cheap mouse trap. The mouse trap and poison they sell pose a large risk to pets and kids as well as the mouse they are supposed to kill. Regardless, there is also version of live catch mouse trap similar to Martha’s. Some company such as Mice X offer a version of mouse trap that allow the user to dispose the trapped mouse without touching the mouse. They sell it for $5 which is higher than Trap-Ease. This has given an idea that Trap-Ease have lower price compare to their competitor which is a large advantages. Companies such as Kindle did offer mouse trap that uses glue, it is reusable for a short term but are cheaper compared to other mouse trap. Other competitor included: Riddex, Mouse Free, and Sovart.

Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl | Analysis

Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl | Analysis Linda faces sexual harassment for the father of her mistress Dr. Flint. He is a licentious and cruel male, like several slaveholders, tries to make Linda his concubine, and subjects her to many years of sexual harassment. Linda describes the anger and shock she felt through his sadistic attacks on her individual autonomy. According to Jacobs (18), Linda narrates that when Flint told her that she was made for his use, meant to obey all his commands, that she was nothing but a slave, whose will should and must surrender to his. Flint murmured impure things in Lindas ears, wrote impure letters but she pretended that she could not hear or she could not read. She shuns his advances by usually being in presence of others and she displays an incredible power over and opposition of Flints will. The wife of Dr. Flint is brutal and callous woman who constantly enjoys the despair of the slaves. Other than confronting her spouse as a result of his lecherous deeds, she displays her respect to male power and blames Linda as the cause of her spouses lust. Because she does not have much power to handle the issue, Mrs. Flint jealously and hatred to Linda enlarges and she turns out to be obsessed with trailing her every step. Linda elucidates that a thing that commands approbation in the white female only speeds up the deprivation of the woman slave (Jacobs, 28). Dr. Flint who is Lindas master and enemy has legal rights to do anything he feels like to Linda, but desires to seduce her through threatening and tricking her other than taping her. All through the novel, Linda consistently goes against him and disobeys to have a sexual affair with him. This infuriates Dr. Flint and he quickly fixates over the thought of contravening her unruly spirit. Flint never distinguishes that Linda is a human being who has feelings, unamenable rights and desires. Cruelty of slaveholders According to Jacobs, (270, Linda claims sympathy for women slaves for there is no law to defend her form violence, from insult, and even from death., which are all imposed by friends who possess the shape of men Instead, the slavery institution defends slaveholders form allegations of sexual violence and assault. If the slave was sexually assaulted, it wasnt an offense against her but an intrude on the property of her master, although it was always a master that attacked her. When her daughter was born, the heart of Linda became heavy since she was aware that slaverly was terrible for males, but was far much terrible for females (Linda, 77). Women slaves were the most susceptible servants because they could do work in the field, take care of children of their masters, and most significantly reproduce slave populace, which became increasingly more significant after prohibition of slave imports in 1808.s For instance, when Benjamin, L indas uncle is sold, the slave trader stated that he could offer any price if the good looking young man was a female (Jacobs, 23). Lindas moral character Linda illustrates her strong moral trait in several ways. At an early and pre teen age, she was given similar things that children of the mistress were given. Her master taught her how to spell and read, which a privilege is since majority of slaves were not taught. Although she saw this as a fair thing, she still helped her family members because of their kindness toward her and she was also conscious that people needed to be treated with respect. Jacobs (65) argues that when Dr. Flint constantly called her harsh names and abused her, Linda she knew that it was not correct and felt that Flint was corrupting her as well as her pure mind, but she chose to remain silent for terror of her severe outcomes, even death. Linda continues leading her life, helping him together with his family, but knowing well that he was cruel and unjust. Arrogance of slaveholders It was extremely egotistical of slaveholders to tell the slaves brutal lies about the North. A slaveholder once told Linda one of the slaves who happened to be Lindas friend was in an awful shape and was pleading to be taken back to her master. Later on Linda discovered that this story was not true and this former slave did not have any wish of going back to slavery. Unfortunately, majority of slaves believes these stories and chose to the thought of protective slavery to hard freedom. Linda is appalled by the idea of really aspiring to return to slavery, even if the tales were true. Linda states that the slaves would start to recognize their personal capabilities, and wield themselves to be women and men (Garfield Zafar, 43). Conclusion The dominant social issue of the book incidences in the Life of a slave girl is sexual harassment of slaves by their masters. Dr. Flint who is Lindas master requires her to do anything for him including a sexual relationship with her. However, Linda does not give in to his sexual demands because she wants to buy her freedom away from enslavement. What is the Concept of Nationalism? What is the Concept of Nationalism? Nationalism is a concept that is not easily defined. There are numerous definitions and forms of what is nationalism, and many of these definitions even overlap. However, there is no one definition that is more adequate than another. Keeping in mind that these definitions are constantly evolving, with thorough analysis and the juxtaposition of arguments set out by eight prominent scholars, a clearer definition of nationalism can be attained. To begin with, the most well know definition today is from Professor Anthony Smith. He states that nationalism is simply an ideological movement for attaining and maintaining autonomy, unity and identity for a population which some of its members deem to constitute an actual or potential nation (Anthony Smith, Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History, 2001, p.9). In this definition, Smith reveals what he believes the three main goals of nationalism are: autonomy, national unity, and national identity. Even Smiths profound definition has not been available for very long considering he was born in 1933. Although there is much argument on the definition of nationalism, Smith agrees that there is one main point of agreement and that is that the term nationalism is a modern phenomenon (Smith, Anthony 2001). Civic nationalism is basically defined as a group of people which have a certain loyalty to civic rights or laws and pledge to abide by these laws. Ethnic nationalism is basically a grou p that possess a common culture, language, land, etc. It is more specific in terms of who can be in it (McGregor 2010). Smith (1991) writes that every nationalism contains civic and ethnic elements in varying degrees and different forms. Sometimes civic and territorial elements predominate; at other times it is the ethnic and vernacular components that are emphasized (Smith, Anthony 2001). Smiths most important argument features civic and ethnic types of nationalism as opposed to eastern and western types. . Even more specifically, Smith makes the distinction between both civic and ethnic nationalisms. He also believes that Many modern nations are formed around pre-existing, and often pre-modern, ethnic cores (Theories of Nationalism Smith). Smith is claiming that nations had pre-existing-origins prior to their new origins of their new nation. One of the most popular arguments by critics is that the civic and ethnic viewpoint of nationalism collapses too much on the ethnic category. (http://cps.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/35/5/554). Smiths definition seems to be the foundation for nationalism. Other scholars go in to more detail on certain elements of the definition, but most relate back to Smiths original definition. On the contrary to Anthony Smiths definition of nationalism pertaining to the civic and ethnic type, Hans Kohn has argued that the two main types of nationalism are eastern and western. His definition is, Nationalism is a state of mind, in which the supreme loyalty of the individual is felt to be due to the nation-state. (Hans Kohn, Nationalism, 1965) His argument includes both eastern and western types of nationalism which refer to eastern and western Europe. Eastern nationalism conceived the nation as an organic community, united by culture, language and descent (McGregor 2010). This could possibly be related to Smiths ethnic type of nationalism. Western nationalism conceived the nation as a political and civic community, held together by voluntary adherence to democratic norms (McGregor 2010). Again, western nationalism could be perceived as a civic type of nationalism. This can be recognized as two similar classifications on two unfamiliar grounds. Kohn believes that nationalism relates directly with the eastern and western Europe and that it is also where the state of mind of nationalism originated. The main criticism of Kohns classification of nationalism is him being over simplistic. He certainly does not go into as much detail as Smith on the definition and relates only towards Europe which most likely is why he is being identified as over simplistic. Carlton J. H. Hayes definition of nationalism states, Loyalty and attachment to the interior of the group (namely the nation and homeland) are the basis of nationalism. In this definition, a common cultural background and common cultural group are considered the main factors in forming a nation. That remains true with most of the definitions of nationalism. Hayes definition of nationalism seems to be more specific to the ethnic ties toward nationalism. (http://www.al-islam.org/islamandnationalism/5.htm). Hayes is basically saying that land, language, and blood are the basis of nationalism. . He is saying that nation is something to be proud of. Hayes also believe that these ethnic qualities are the most important; even religion does not compare.   It is attachment to nationality that gives direction to ones individual and social postures, not attachment to religion and ideology. A human being takes pride in his national achievements and feels dependent on its cultural heritage, not on the history of religion and his faith (http://www.al-islam.org/islamandnationalism/5.htm). This quote further proves Hayes view on nationalism and how it relates to ones culture and past, and specifically not related to religion at all. The reason Hayes definition is unique from others, is his emphasis that religion is not a factor in forming a nation. To further specify Hayes definition on nationalism he says, What distinguishes one human being from another are not their beliefs, but their birth-place, homeland, language and race. Those who are within the four walls of the homeland and nation, belong to it, and those who are outside it, are aliens. It is on the basis of these factors that the people have a feeling of sharing a single destiny and a common past. (http://www.al-islam.org/islamandnationalism/5.htm). This quote goes hand in hand with Hayess definition of nationalism and just further explains it. According to scholar Benedict Anderson nationalism is, a new emerging nation imagines itself to be antique. This is similar to how Anthony Smith and Hayes defined nationalism. It is mostly like the Smiths ethnic nationalism, which focuses more on the origin of the nation. Anderson focuses more on modern Nationalism and suggests that it forms its attachment through language, especially through literature. Of particular importance to Andersons theory is his stress on the role of printed literature. In Andersons mind, the development of nationalism is linked with printed literature and the growth of these printed works. People were able to read about nationalism in a common dialect and that caused nationalism to mature. (CITE). Andersons definition of nationalism and nation differ greatly from other scholars. He defines nation as an imagined political community. He believes this because the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship. Ultimately it is this fraternity th at makes it possible, over the past two centuries, for so many millions of people, not so much to kill, as willingly to die for such limited imaginings. Not only is Andersons theory distinctive because of the printed literature theory, but also the imagined political community. Peter Alter states, Nationalism is a political force which has been more important in shaping the history of Europe and the world over the last two centuries than the ideas of freedom and parliamentary democracy or, let alone, of communism. His argument is similar to John Breuilly in the sense that there is a strong emphasis on nationalism being a political force. Alter is saying that it has everything to do with being a political movement instead of the idea of freedom. In reference to nationalism, Alter states, It can be associated with forces striving for political, social, economic and cultural emancipation, as well as with those whose goal oppression. His outlook on nationalism seems much broader than other scholars. This particular reference virtually sums up many scholars definitions together. Alter does not seem to have a specific argument on nationalism, as in civic vs. ethnic or western vs. eastern but just an acceptance that nationalism could be based on all of these argum ents. Again, Alter says, It can mean emancipation, and it can mean oppressionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ dangers as well as opportunities. There is no precise argument when he tries to define nationalism even though he does have the idea that nationalism is directly related to a political force. Alter also states that nationalism was important to shaping Europe, but most scholars agree with that statement to begin with. Scholar Ernest Gellner states that, nationalism is primarily a political principle that holds that the political and the national unit should be congruent. Gellner has been considered the father of nationalism studies and was a teacher of Anthony Smith. Although most scholars would agree that nationalism appeared after the French Revolution, Gellner further argues that nationalism became a sociological necessity in the modern world. His argument is similar to the uniqueness of Benedict Andersons printed literature theory, but Gellner focuses more on the industrialization of work and cultural modernization to explain how nationalism expanded. Gellner believes that states only exist where there is division of labour, therefore the state comes before nationalism (http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~plam/irnotes07/Gellner1983.pdf). Like other scholars, Gellner believes that nationalism is a political force. There are many criticisms to Ernest Gellners theory, including Anthony Smith sayin g, It misreads the relationship between nationalism and industrialization (Smith 1998). Historian John Breuilly defends a more modern theory of nationalism. He concludes, The rise of the modern state system provides the institutional context within which an ideology of nationalism is necessary. Breuilly argues that the process of state modernization provides an important factor in understanding historical signs of nationalism (http://www.cjsonline.ca/reviews/nationalism.html). Breuilly argues that nationalism does not have much to do with ethnicity or ethnic background, rather more to do with political motivation. This is not the first scholar who believed that ethnic background had nothing to do with nationalism. In fact, Breuillys definition relates well to Gellner in the sense that they both argue for political motivation. Nationalists are seen to create their own ideology out of their own subjective sense of national culture. (John Breuilly, Nationalism and the State (Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1982). This particular quote is quite similar to Andersons imagined political community theory. Breuilly does not support the ethnic side of nationalism nearly as much as others and, like Benedict Anderson favors nationalism as just a political force. Breuilly criticizes most scholars due to the fact that they believe in national culture because he believes there is no such thing. He believes that the political component of nationalism is by far the most important. Michael Hechter defines nationalism as a, collective action designed to render the boundaries of the nation congruent with those of its governance unit (M. Hechter, Containing Nationalism, 2000). He further explains, Nation and governance can be made congruent by enacting exclusive policies that limit full membership in the polity to individuals from on one more favoured nations. In Hechters book, Containing Nationalism, he expresses his belief that the reason nationalism occurs is because of self-determination. Hechter explains how there are two different types of nationalism. The first one is sort of the ideology of freedom and he gives the example of the French Revolution. The second form is xenophobic or even goes as far as genocide (Hechter, Containing Nationalism, 2000). This explains where the different views of nationalism come in; civic vs. ethnic or eastern vs. western. Most importantly, Hechter defines many specific forms of nationalism to go beyond his original definition . These definitions include: state-building nationalism, peripheral nationalism, irredentist nationalism, and unification nationalism. (Hechter, Michael. Containing Nationalism. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000). Each scholars definition seems to have its own uniqueness to it; from Anthony Smiths ethnic nationalism. SIMILARTIES AND DIFFERENCES Political, cultural, ethnic, civic, eastern, western Summary Vast diversity of aims and aspirations, including unification, separation, cultural/linguistic preservation, territorial expansion, protection of external co-nationals, overthrow of foreign domination, establishment of national homeland Vast diversity of forms and styles, from aggressive and militaristic to peaceable and inward-looking Nationalism is inherently particularistic, but at the same time constitutes an ideology of general application People can not agree on the definitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.

Removal of the Cherokee Essay -- essays research papers

In The Cherokee Removal, Perdue and Green show the trials that the Cherokee faced in the years from 1700 to 1840. This book shows how the Americans tried to remove these Indians from the southeastern part of the United States. The Cherokees tried to overcome the attempts of removal, but finally in 1838, they were removed from the area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cherokees lived in the valleys of rivers that drained the southern Appalachians (Perdue, 1). The British first came into Cherokee country in 1700. They came for two major reasons: deerskins and war captives. They brought guns and ammunition, metal knives, hoes, hatchets, fabrics, kettles, rum, and trinkets. They took the Cherokee and made them slaves. The British built two forts to protect the Cherokees while they were fighting the enemies of the British. The Cherokees entered the French and Indian War on the side of the British (Perdue, 6). Attacks on Cherokees by white frontiersmen and duplicity by colonial officials caused the Cherokees to shift their allegiance to the French. During the war, the British destroyed many Cherokee towns.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The war the American Revolution caused many British settlers to push westward. These settlers began to compete with the Cherokees for land. The Cherokee were glad when the Proclamation of 1763 was put into effect. This prevented settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. Most of the settlers became enemies. The settlers attacked the Cherokees, destroying many towns and killing many people. This attack caused the Cherokees to end their participation in the American Revolution. The American colonist continued to take over the Cherokee land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1783, the American Revolution ended. Since most of the Cherokees helped the British in the Revolutionary War, the Americans needed to make peace with them. Then in1785, the treaty of Hopewell was signed (Perdue 8). This was a peace treaty between the Cherokee and the Americans. This treaty defined the Cherokees’ boundaries and it gave them the right to get rid of unwanted settlers. The states of Georgia and North Carolina ignored this treaty. The people of these states expanded into Cherokee land, and the Cherokees continued to resist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Americans needed to come up with another system. Henry Knox was gave the task to come up wit... ...(Perdue 20). It gave them two years to prepare for removal. Many of the Cherokees, led by John Ross, protested this treaty. However, in the winter of 1838-1839, all of the Cherokees headed west toward Oklahoma. This removal of the Cherokees is now known, as the Trail of Tears was a very gruesome event. During the trip from the southern United States to current day Oklahoma, many of the Cherokees died. Shortly after their arrival in Oklahoma, they began to rebuild. They began tilling fields, sending their children to school, and attending Council meetings (Perdue 170).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cherokees were very civilized in dealing with the trails of removal. These people endured more than any other group of people throughout history. They played within the rules in their struggle. They did not want to start a war with the Americans. The Cherokees resisted removal and took it to court. Despite all of their tries to keep their land, they were removed. Work Cited Green, Michael D., and Theda Perdue, eds. The Cherokee Removal: A brief   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  History with Documents. New York: Bedford Books of St. Martin’s   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Press, 1995.

Humanism :: essays research papers

Humanism, in philosophy, attitude that emphasizes the dignity and worth of the individual. A basic premise of humanism is that people are rational beings who possess within themselves the capacity for truth and goodness. The term humanism is most often used to describe a literary and cultural movement that spread through western Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries. This Renaissance revival of Greek and Roman studies emphasized the value of the classics for their own sake, rather than for their relevance to Christianity. The humanist movement started in Italy, where the late medieval Italian writers Dante, Giovanni Boccaccio, and Francesco Petrarch contributed greatly to the discovery and preservation of classical works. Advertisement Humanist ideals were forcefully expressed by another Italian scholar, Pico della Mirandola, in his Oration on the dignity of man. The movement was further stimulated by the influx of Byzantine scholars who came to Italy after the fall of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) to the Ottomans in 1453 and also by the establishment of the Platonic Academy in Florence. The academy, whose leading thinker was Marsilio Ficino, was founded by the 15th-century Florentine statesman and patron of the arts Cosimo de' Medici. The institution sought to revive Platonism and had particular influence on the literature, painting, and architecture of the times. The collection and translation of classical manuscripts became widespread, especially among the higher clergy and nobility. The invention of printing with movable type, around the mid-15th century, gave a further impetus to humanism through the dissemination of editions of the classics. Although in Italy humanism developed principally in the fields of literature and art, in central Europe, where it was introduced chiefly by the German scholars Johann Reuchlin and Melanchthon, the movement extended into the fields of theology and education, and was a major underlying cause of the Reformation. One of the most influential scholars in the development of humanism in France was the Dutch cleric Desiderius Erasmus, who also played an important part in introducing the movement into England.

Performance and Permanence in Sixties Literature Essay -- Sixties 60

Performance and Permanence in Sixties Literature      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is art? Any generation of artists defines itself by the way it answers this question. The artists of the 1960s found their answer in the idea of art as experience. Art was not something that happened; it was something that happened around you, with you, to you. In the moment of creation, and in that moment alone, there was art. For artists of the Sixties, art was vibrant and alive, and thus to say a product was finished was simply to say it was dead. For literary artists this obsession with the fleeting now translated to a fascination with performance itself-a fascination that in turn cuts at the very heart of art itself. For if work must be performed to be truly experienced, then art is transient and irreproducible, and therefore barren. Art becomes local and mortal, tied to the life and influence of a single artist-unable to speak to those who were not there at the time. One cannot have it both ways; if we accept the preeminence of "the happening" and reje ct the notion of reproducibility, then art seemingly becomes smaller, diminished. This struggle between performance and permanence, between moment and monument, can be see as one of the central questions of the literature of the 1960s.    Experimental theater provides a useful example of the extreme form of this perception about performance art. Drama has sometimes been praised, sometimes been maligned, but it has undeniably been a type of literature for as long as literary study has existed, as important in its own way as poetry, and prose. Experimental theater challenged this notion in its sheer irreproducibility; it begs the question, "Can something be literary which only happens once, which fails to... ...who would never and could never be touched by a single performance in a single place. For all its raw emotional power, perfomance art is unreachable to many in the present and totally inaccessible to audiences in the future. To truly matter-to exert any real change over the present, to reach past its moment of creation into the future-art must be more than its performance alone.    Works Cited Biner, Pierre. The Living Theater. Takin' It To The Streets: A Sixties Reader, pp. 288-293. ed. Alexander Bloom and Wini Breines. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Kerouac, Jack. The Dharma Bums. New York: Pengiun Books, 1958. Rader, Dotson. "Notes of Andy Warhol: His Life and Work as Death in America." Takin' It To The Streets: A Sixties Reader, pp. 305-309. ed. Alexander Bloom and Wini Breines. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.   

Daimler-Chrysler: Post Merger News Analysis

1. The merger was expected to result in synergy from which attributes of each organization? With the merger, both profitable automobile companies, will have the opportunity to benefit from the potential of each other. They had both identified opportunities to increase sales, to create new markets for both while being able to expand their markets in new countries, to reduce purchasing costs and to realize enconomies of scale. The synergy would drive to product integration and ensure sharing of innovation, knowledge, technologies and ideas.At the time of the merger, Daimler Benz had close to 1% of the American Market, which Chrysler could aid them with this problem. Chrysler also wanted to enter into the European market, which Daimler Benz could help sell Chrysler products at their distribution centers in Europe. Mutually, the two companies expected to exploit on retail sales, purchasing, distribution, product design and research and development. And last but not least, Chryslerâ€℠¢s Dream Team was an attribute that could be beneficial to the merger. It could work as an innovative addition to Daimler Benz to help them find ways to expand a limited Daimler Benz market. . What were the issues/problems encountered after the merger. One of the main problems with the merger was the cultural clash between management and work styles. Even thou they had fairly equal number of members of the board of management, the integration efforts lacked between the Americans and the Germans. They clearly had differences in management styles, processes, cultures and work styles, which resulted in an abyss between the two. Other issue encountered was the mocking and thought from Daimler Benz that Chrysler was low quality and poor in technology.This rejection reflected in a tangible manifestation of the growing separation when Daimler refused to offer Chrysler vehicles at their distribution centers for fear of ruining their image. This had been an essential key in planning for Chry sler to enter into the Europe market. Although they were clear that strict guidelines segregated the Daimler and Chrysler brands, synergies were expected from joint administrative functions, market research, vehicle and spare parts logistics, and wholesale operations. With this rejection, this wasn’t happening. They needed to work upon effective communication and overcome their cultural differences. . What went well with the merger? Although this companies underestimated the level of cultural difficulties they had to face in order to be successful, and in 2001 the merger resulted in the biggest lost in German business history, the beginning of the merger was well received by the public. Over the first years, the share price from DaimlerChrysler rose significantly, indicating that the public speculated that this merger could be good for all parties and the new company would be considered to have the potential to revolutionize the automobile industry.Also, management at the top level agreed and was on board to making the merger be successful. Management starting sharing plants and parts as to saving huge amounts of money. Furthermore, management agreed on cutting expenses such as fixed manufacturing cost and material costs. By the nine-month period, net income and revenues had increased 12 per cent. Operating profit had improved by 15 per cent. Clearly, the results are attained were higher than expected, therefore, this were some beneficial aspects of the merger. . Discuss the historical background that has most influenced Germany. It is said that countries, much like individuals, are influenced by their experiences. Therefore, one could say that the most influential historical events that have affected Germany and transformed the country to what it is today are: 1) its role in the first and second World Wars, 2) related periods of extreme inflation, and 3) the â€Å"economic miracle† phenomenon of the post-WWII reconstruction of what was then West Germany.Every single one of these circumstances has had huge impact in German’s character in general: in the way Germans reason and behave. One example is how due to the hardships associated with wars, the fear and uncertainty, and the economic challenges of inflation, that Germans tend to be really risk averse, skeptical about organization and order, prefers security and structure and are way perfectionists. They are really focused when they want to achieve something and take pride on a job well done and highly performed. All this istory from 1914’s until present day have taken part in shaping Germans to what they are today and their beliefs. 2. What are some of the cultural dimensions that have shaped German management? Some of Hoftede’s and GLOBE cultural characteristics and dimensions are discussed in the reading to help explain the significant elements in the German culture that have shaped their management. The most significant elements in the German cult ure are: their high levels of uncertainty avoidance, assertiveness and individualism, and low levels of humane orientation and power distance.According to Hofstrede, Germany’s power distance scores a 35. It is highly decentralized, which is supported by a strong middle class. They believe in a flatter organizational structure. A very good example is their welfare system. A direct and participative communication and meeting style is common, control is disliked and leadership is challenged to show expertise and best accepted when it’s based on it. Another dimension is individualism. Germany scores a 67 on the Hofstede scale making it one of the most individualistic countries in the world.In Individualist societies people are supposed to look after themselves and their direct family only. They are not team-oriented but rather task-oriented. They are better at following rules than managing personal relationships and being perceived as kind or nice. Germans are also honest to a fault about an individual’s mistake, but will give that individual a fair chance to learn from those mistakes as well. Another important dimension is that which indicates if a society is driven by competition, achievement and success: masculinity/femininity.According to Hofstede, Germany scores a 67 on the masculine/feminine scale, therefore is considered to be a more masculine society. Germans tend to value competition and high standard of quality. Are considered to be perfectionists and a highly trained workforce. Managers are decisive and assertive. Due to the hardships and uncertainties of war and economic struggles, Germans score a 65 in terms of uncertainty avoidance and risk aversion. This means German leaders prefer deductive approaches to planning and thinking. Germs like to be told what to do therefore; a systematic verview has to be given in order to proceed. This deductive way of thinking coupled with the low power distance, results in Germans to prefer compe nsating for their high uncertainty by strongly relying on expertise. And last but not least, Germans have a low Long Term Orientation, scoring a 31 on the Hofstede scale. Germans prefer quick results as well as a social pressure to keep up with the competition. In terms of management, Germans are impatient for achieving quick results and attain better and faster products than the competition. Germans do take pride in a job well done.All these cultural dimensions take part in defining and shaping German management and leadership. 3. Discuss in detail the leadership framework in Germany. The German culture focuses a great deal on the importance of knowing business unlike Americans that focus more on self-knowledge, cultural awareness and business acumen. German leaders are more specific and concentrated in a certain area (â€Å"Fuhrung durch Fachwissen†). They are usually prepared to focus and in a specific subject matter since their power base of leaders is in their expertise rather than experience.It is known that German leadership strives on competency and expertise. As a result, German managers tend to be less able to develop effective visions for their organizations. Their fundamental mode of operation is that â€Å"Deliver Quality and your business will succeed. † They are well known for their organization and management but lack skills as innovators. In this way, Germans struggle to expand their businesses in creative and innovative ways. Also, German leader does believe in communication, which is to be very direct and straightforward.Germans desire a very structured framework in that each person should have clearly stated goals and objectives that will work for the overall success of the organization. For this reason, German leaders act as role models rather than bosses. They are very hand-on and translate their goals into actions hence, participate in the work processes (â€Å"Stellvertreter†). They are not team-oriented and are hig h in uncertainty avoidance therefore makes German leaders to lack flexibility and difficult to them to cope with today’s fast-moving global business environment.The current economic challenges Germany faces forces German leaders to focus on three critical areas upon improvement: 1) revise and asses in a broad non-technical manner, 2) focus on vision and attempt to take greater risks and set more visionary strategies, and 3) develop more well-rounded leaders with the strategic and interpersonal skills side. 4. Knowing more of the culture in Germany and the US, discuss the steps you would have recommended to the management to prevent the cultural issues for the Daimler Chrysler merger.The cultural clashes amongst USA and German cultures were the hardest thing to put together and make it work, which caused the merger to fail. As a result of the differences, the perceptions of both companies and their communication and understanding were never fair and transparent, causing tensio n and problems between the two. By making assignments and decisions fair across the board, the cultural differences could have been assuaged through increased communication channels and meetings.A clearer task description matrix could have been beneficial in the understanding of who was in charge of what and should consult whom. Since the beginning, it was sort of a game of putting and taking out people from job positions along with resignations. Their differences in management styles, processes, and cultural work styles, amongst other differences should have been discussed since the beginning and reaching a consensus was needed. For example, the problem caused because Americans did not want to use weekends to fly on or out for weekly meetings.This is the type of problem that could have been evaded with better communication, planning and understanding of each other’s cultural preferences and work styles. Another aspect that affected the merger and should have been evaded was their goals and expectations of the merger. None were clear and discussed before the merger. A thorough plan and goals should have been discussed previous unifying. It was not clear how both would help each other achieve what desired. There was not a concrete plan. ————————————————-

Job Satisfaction Among The Faculty Members Education Essay

It is difficult fact that the reference of breeding in whatsoever state depends upon the gauge of the teachers. A game character reference breeding staff is the basis of a triple-crown educational system. Attracting and retown(prenominal)ing high feeling instructors is a primary necessity for instruction in whatever state. One measure in developing a high tonicity expertness is to at a lower fleckstand the factors associated with learning quality and memory. One of these factors is patronage comfort, which has been studied wide by transcriptional interrogation doers and has been linked to validational consignment each raciness darling as to organisational creation mouldation. cable gaiety is a complex variable and is baffled by situational factors of the declivity of merchandise both moment great as the dispositional features of the various(prenominal). It clearly shows that t here(predicate) ar participate of factors which affect moving in happiness of mental faculty members.Though tonss of surveies has been d maven(a) on the correction tenancy rejoicing but shut up just active realize pick out to be d adept, which is completed by this paper. The chief dissolve of this paper is as to roll up all the factors disturbing course propitiation under whizz umbrella. This paper helps research applymans to place some more factors which affect or may have-to doe with stock ecstasy. firebird terminal figureinology stemma gratification, citation and Appreciation, somatogenetic surround, Opportunities for earthity, Leadership vogue.Introduction joke Satisfaction comprises of two words hypothecate and Satisfaction .A Before we circumscribe the phrase, it is of logical implication to understand the word comfort . Satisfaction is defined as the point or rejoicing of a desire, demand, or appetite. Gratification is a nation of macrocosm gratified or at rest. in that respectfore, ane nomina te reason that rejoicing is an internal spirit and no sum of external pleasances or amenitiess burn down fulfill you unless(prenominal) you expect to stick commodious.AThe term Job Satisfaction , nevertheless, deficiencies humply definition ( Herzberg et al. 1957 ) every bit trade dear(p) as a satisfactory guess ab discover its signifi weedce. The difference in a wide spectrum of positions seems to be ca dropd fore around by the miscellaneous nature of production lines that souls perform secondly the effort to gestate logical argument gladness in a as potpourriment of ship tin dealal by different subjects equivalent Psychology, Sociology, reading and Management, etcetera , and thus fartually, the as ramifyment of methods employed by as sieveed research workers to analyze contrast ecstasy.In simple footings, the realisation of workers strong-arm and psychological extinctlooks constitutes crease comfort. An ace joins an organisation with certain ou tlooks and when these outlooks come true the single becomes pleased with his/ her organisation and his/her line of reasoning, and this increases his/her efficiency and public presentation ( Nelson & A Quick, 1995 ) . However, when these outlooks do non pass by into with work conditions, telephone line gratification does non happen, and as a consequence the worker loses public presentation and efficiency and might even undermine the tune or break out it. It is of outcome to forestall workers from experiencing disappointed and tap their efficiency and public presentation by placing and modulating the factors that affect strain triumph ( Noe, et Al. 1997 ) .Job gladness or dissatisfaction is the consequence of assorted attitudes, the separate returns towards his calling, towards the related factors and towards vitality in general. Job satisfaction is reflected in the attitudes volume progress to towards their tenancys, official attitude towards the seam imply sat isfaction with it and negative attitudes towards it connote dissatisfaction with it. Therefore tune satisfaction is the lowest province in feeling, attach toing the achievement by an urge of its aim.Job satisfaction is related to human demands and their fulfilment through with(predicate) work. In fact, occupation satisfaction is generated by the person s perceptual beget of how well his occupation on the on the whole is fulfilling his assorted demands. The demand for satisfaction and satisfaction is a uninterrupted action. Job satisfaction at a point of arrange depends upon the workers aspiration leg and grade of dissatisfaction he gets from his occupation. If the work state of personal matters fulfills the desires of the employees, it is to be expected that their attitude be inclined to be indulgent. In bend castigate ensuing from such desires, tends to bring onwards unfavourable attitudes and per come up by a kind of concatenation reaction, ill forget, unworthy o ccupation public presentation, attending jobs, high overthrow and separate unwanted slope effects.Harmonizing to Kochan ( 1978 ) , Job Satisfaction is the whole hyaloplasm of occupation factors that make a individual like his work state of affairs and is leave aloneing to caput for it without antipathy at the beginning of his work twenty-four hours. This agent that Job satisfaction includes two facets c atomic number 18er and basking the occupation and Traveling to one s occupation with caput erect and smilings.Therefore Job satisfaction is a combination of psychological, physiological and milieual fortunes that cause a individual truthfully to state, I am at rest with my occupation . Thus occupation satisfaction is a favourableness with which employees views their work.Importance of Job SatisfactionJob satisfaction has been the centre of the concentration for research workers over common chord decennaries. The grounds for such concentration ar manifoldsTo the worker 1. Job satisfaction brings a enjoyable emotional province that can frequently leads to a cocksure work attitude.2. A comfortable worker is more plausibly to be originative, flexible, advanced, and loyal.3. A squelched worker is more move towards his organisation.4. It improves their quality of action.5. It improves their corporal and mental wellness.For the organisation1. It improves the quality of work.2. It improves the measure of production.3. It improves the good will of the organisation.4. It reduces the enlist and readiness cost.5. It creates peaceable works environment.6. It attracts good endowment from exterior.Therefore, it is actually of consequenceing for the organisation s to do all the attempts to do their employees satisfied another(prenominal)(a)wise effects can be really bad. sideline psyche explain the effects of low occupation satisfaction.Effectss of low Job Satisfaction proud AbsenteeismAbsenteeism means it is a accustomed form of absence from in debtedness or duty. When the employees atomic number 18 non satisfied from their work or organisation so they ofttimes remain more absent, which indicates non proper use of organisational resources. It is non good for the organisation here afterwards and success. talllowlowHighJob satisfact ionRate of s employ and absencesA type BFig.no. 1 Curve demoing descent amid occupation satisfaction and rate of turnover rate and absenteeism.In the supra diagram line AB shows inverse birth amidst occupation satisfaction and rate of turnover and rate of absenteeism.As the occupation satisfaction is high the rates of both turnover and absenteeism is low and vise a versa.2. High Employee turnoverIn human resource, Turnover refers to the rate at which an employer sums and losingss the staff. When the employees ar non satisfied so they are more willing to kibosh the occupation and want to fall in other organisation.If the employer is said to be hold a high turnover rate of employees, so that confederation will hold shorter term of office than those of other companies.3. It increases enlisting and preparation cost additionsAs employees progress organisation cod to miss of occupation satisfaction so Human resource director has to engrave new employees which increases the enlisting and preparation scoop of the company.4. Low ProductivenessIf the employee is non satisfied with his/her occupation so his/her productiveness lessenings and vice-versa.5. Poor quality of workIf the employee is non satisfied with his/her occupation so his/her productiveness decreases every bit good as he will non make bring away merchandises of good quality.6. It ruins the Goodwill of the organisation.Low satisfaction forces the employees to discontinue and fall in new occupation. It ruins organisations good will.7. It ruins physical and mental wellness of people.Dissatisfaction with one time occupation may hold particularly volatile spillover effects on galore(postnominal) other thin gs such as household living, leisure activities etc. numerous unsolved personality jobs and maladjustments originate out of individual inability to happen satisfaction in his work. Both scientific valuate and unconcerned observation provide long grounds that occupation satisfaction is of import for the psychological accommodation and happy life of single.Factors impacting Job satisfactionAs the press whoopting changes the new factors impacting occupation Satisfaction are anyhow increase at a high gait. Following are the factors which affect the occupation satisfaction of mental faculty members at changing grade.1. PayOne of the most of import intents to make a occupation is to gain money because it is money only when through which needs, demands can be fulfilled. If one gets a fine-looking wage by which one can afford the life may do occupation satisfaction. scarcely if the wage can non bear 1s usance so one can non be satisfied with the wage. Findingss from several surv eies underline wage as one of the most of import factors act uponing one s class of occupation satisfaction. In a check up on conducted by Herzberg ( 1959 ) , employees who are dissatisfied with their wage, is likely that they are as well as dissatisfied with their work.sometimes it has similarly been institute out that other occupation related factors are non satisfactory but wage is good, in these sort of state of affairss employees are willing to character the organisations merely because of good wage, which does nt accommodate the craft of a instructor.2. AppellationIt means appellation like lector, Senior Lecturer, Asst Professor, etc. Designation besides affects occupation satisfaction. If one is holds a roll harmonizing to his/her reservation, experience so it gives them satisfaction and vice-versa.3. Recognition & A AppreciationIt is human nature some(prenominal) we did we want shot for it, which gives us satisfaction. The comparable thing is applicable for inst ructors too. If they did some good work they want book of facts and prod for the same.In a survey that was carried out in 23 Rumanian organisations, acknowledgment and grasp were found to be trigger factors responsible for increased effectivity of employees at work and their high compass points of occupation satisfaction ( Farhad Analoui, 1999 ) .When people are non recognized and comprehended they lose their willingness, involvement from work which reduces the quality of their work. Therefore, employees should be recognized and appreciated for their good work.4. Opportunity for PromotionPromotion means the opportunities for promotion in hierarchy. Everyone wants to win and wants to live on upwards in his/her calling ladder. Employee perceptual experiences about hap for forwarding are besides another(prenominal) determiner that influences occupation satisfaction. When chance for publicity is useable than it gives satisfaction to the employees and vice-versa.One discover fo und that a sensed insufficiency of publicity chances was the strongest ground why federal official employees left authorities service ( U.S. chastity Systems Protection Board 1987 ) .5. Interpersonal RelationshipsMan is a social animate being. She/he can non populate entirely they want company of others to pass even up, to bask life, to portion feelings. She/he wants good relationship with their supervisor, co-workers, colleagues and with everyone. Some surveies defecate shown that the better the relationship, surrounded by fellow workers and surrounded by workers and their immediate foreman, the greater the degree of occupation satisfaction ( Arne L. Kalleberg and Loscocco, 1983 ) .6. Demographic FactorsSurveies countenance shown that age, sexual activity have of import effects on occupation satisfaction.a ) AgeAge besides play an of import in impacting occupation satisfaction. In the antecedent surveies conducted by Kalleberg and Loscocco, ( 1983 ) older workers were mor e satisfied than younger workers. But in present scenario it is seen that older employees are less satisfied in compare to immature employees. It is because with the addition in the age and experience outlooks of precedential module members are besides increasing. If they are non met it causes dissatisfaction.B ) GenderThe bulk of surveies that focus on module satisfaction have explored the relationship between satisfaction and gender. Most of these surveies have found that male module members have high degrees of overall occupation satisfaction than young-bearing(prenominal) module members, unusually in footings of benefits and payment received ( Bilimoria et al. , 2006 Callister, 2006 Hult et al. , 2005 Olsen et al. , 1995 Settles et al. , 2006 Tack & A Patitu, 1992 ) .On the other manus, Ward and Sloane ( 2000 ) did non happen any important differences between male and pistillate module members in overall degrees of occupation satisfaction. They did detect, neverthel ess, that male module members had about three times the satisfaction degrees of female module members when it comes to promotion chances.Okpara et Al. ( 2005 ) and Oshagbemi ( 1997 ) found that female module members in higher(prenominal) donnish ranks uttered more satisfaction with their occupations than their male tinges.degree Celsius ) married Status and ChildrenMarital position and kids can besides impact module satisfaction. The consequences of surveies that explore the relationship between matrimony and module occupation satisfaction have yielded assorted consequences. On the one manus, matrimony has been shown to increase satisfaction degrees for module members ( Cetin, 2006 Hagedorn, 2000 Leung, Siu, & A Spector, 2000 ) . Yet, some surveies have shown that matrimony can hold a negative impact on module occupation satisfaction ( Aisenberg & A Harrington, 1988 Bryson, Bryson, & A Johnson, 1978 ) . Additionally, the presence of kids in the family has been found to impac t occupation satisfaction. Carr and Ash ( 1998, p. 536 ) found that enceinte females with kids published less, had slower self-perceived calling advancement, and were less satisfied with their callings than were work forces with kids. 7. Engagement in ratiocination devisingThe degree of satisfaction besides depends upon the sort of engagement in determination doing procedure of organisation. If determination devising procedure is participative so employees are satisfied and vice-versa.8. brook in research work.A instructor can be successful merely when he carries both undertaking together i.e. program line to the disciples and his research work. He can non make his research work successfully until and unless take hold is addicted by the college. If defend is available from the college so it gives satisfaction to him/her. furthermore, his research work brings celebrity to the college besides.9. Support in TeachingThe hereafter of the state is in the custodies of instructor. If the proper twinge for talk readying, powder store to maintain update about the current personal businesss is non prone to the instructors so they can non give round-fruited dialog, which at the same clip stammer the clip of both instructor every bit good as pupils. This sort bringing of talks does non give them satisfaction. In order to give good talks proper clip should be given over to the instructors which in return give them occupation satisfaction. Therefore, the organisations are required to supply fitted centre to the instructors which helps them in keeping residual between different plants.10. Support for higher surveies.So many module members want to travel for higher surveies while staying in the occupation. They can accomplish their dream merely when college supports them and motivates them. If support is available from college side it provides satisfaction to employees and vive-versa.11. check Opportunities Working EnvironmentOther factors that affect one s degrees of occupation satisfaction appear to be related to ethical issues and single differences. Workers like an equal chances environment where they will be respected in footings of their race, faith, gender, educational background, physical disablement etc. An environment as such encourages workers to experience equal among them and contributes to occupation satisfaction ( Finchham & A Rhodes, 1994 )12. Opportunity to mapping One s AbilitiesGod bestowed everyone with some abilities. At the same clip everyone wants to hold his/her ability. If one is non given the chance to lend oneself his/her ability than one can non study satisfaction out of his occupation because he is wholly working under the boot of others. In simple words, employees by and medium-large need and wish occupations that make custom of their abilities. ( National Commission on the recount and Local Public Service, 1993 )13. visible EnvironmentPhysical environment covers substructure of the edifice, c ourse of study suites, furniture and other inside, instructors room, lavatories, specially, female instructors lavatories, computing machine facilitys, telephone, facsimile, communication and location of the College, transit installation, etc. Physical environment is straight linked with occupation satisfaction. If one s get favourable physical environment he or she may be satisfied with the occupation. reversal is true that unfavourable working environment creates dissatisfaction.14. Academic makeAcademic making is the criterion of one s academic background. Such making is asked for using any occupation. Geting occupation as per one s academic making will fulfill him or her, on the other manus if some one s occupation is inferior to his or her academic making brings dissatisfaction to him or her. So there is a direct relationship between occupation satisfaction and academic making.15. Leadership mannerThe sort of lead manner the employee gets besides affects his satisfaction. H ead instructors who adopt individualist manners of leading, for illustration may be considered to exercise really small influence on the college. Bigotry of the caput instructor or torment in the come to of supervising by the senior instructors many clip cause dissatisfaction. Participative manner of leading is the best which provides satisfaction to workers.16. Handiness of foliages for go toing Seminars, Conferences and FDPs.In order to be successful in his/her academic calling one demand to go to figure of seminars, chit-chatences, Faculty victimization Programs, Workshops, etc. In order to go to it one needs to take gift from college. If leave is available to go to them than it gives satisfaction to the module members and vice-versa.17. Policy and AdministrationThe insurance policy and disposal of college besides influence the satisfaction. If policies are just and every bit applicable to all so it gives satisfaction and vice-versa. At the same clip if disposal is quick in taking action so it gives satisfaction and vice-versa.18. Handiness of different sorts of leaveIn every organisation different sort of leave are available like insouciant leave, medical leave, survey leave, Maternity leave, etc. If there is transparence in the accessibility of leave so it gives satisfaction to faculty members and vice-versa.19. Work itselfIt includes the extent to which the occupation provides the person with interesting undertakings, chances for acquisition, and the opportunity to accept duty. If these things are available so it causes satisfaction and vice-versa.20. fictitious character of pupilsAnother really of import factor which affects the satisfaction of instructors is the sort of pupils available for learning. If the pupils are really dull and do non inquire any cross inquiry that it creates dissatisfaction among the module members and if the pupils are of good I.Q and inquire good inquiries from instructors than it gives satisfaction among the instructo rs as good do the category interactive and interesting.21. Feedback and its communicatingIf the feedback is given to the module members from clip to clip so it is easy for them to elaborate it and do them better instructor and gives them satisfaction. Furthermore it is every bit of import how their feedback is communicated. If the feedback is positive so it mustiness be appreciated in forepart of others and if it is negative it must be communicated personally so that the person should non experience humiliated. If it happens so the individual is non satisfied from his/her occupation.22. Handiness of clip to rede the pupils.It is the moral accountability of the instructors to supply full satisfaction to its pupils by assisting them and work outing their questions to the Fuller extent. If clip is non available to the instructors to work out the pupil s questions due to talk burden or due to some other college duty so it causes dissatisfaction among them and botch their figure exce ssively and vice-versa.23. Working HourssToday s genesis before taking occupation gives equal focal point on working hours excessively. If on the job hours are excessively long than personal life disturbs which in return affect professional life excessively. The same thing is applicable in faculty members excessively. If on the job hours are excessively long than instructors do non hold the clip for their household every bit good as to fix next twenty-four hours talk which reduces their satisfaction degree.24. emancipation to take methods of learningIt means the chance to utilize ain methods of instructions. If instructors are entrap to learn the pupils in a peculiar manner like through Projector, OHP, etc so they are non satisfied because everyone wants to utilize his/her ain method to learn the pupils and valetudinarianism versa.25. FlexibilityToday s clip, demand and outlooks of people has alterations a batch. instantaneously people want flexibleness in their working form. It means now instructors want when they have their scheduled talk they come to the college and deliver and leave every bit shortly as it gets over and after finishing their other work. If such sort of installation is available so it causes satisfaction to them and vice-versa.26. CultureIt is the elegance merely which distinguish the one organisation from other. It is besides fact that civilization of the organisation plays a really of import function in act uponing the occupation satisfaction of workers. Organizational civilization here it means college civilization. Organizational civilization is the societal gum that binds members of the organisation together. The relationship between superior and low-level, determination devising, deputation of authorization, types of leading, and bureaucratic power are portion of organisational civilization. Job satisfaction is related to these timeworns. If all these things are impersonal or positive so it gives satisfaction to employees or v ice-versa.27. Library installationsIn order to learn rich suffice a teacher demand to confer with good figure to books. The teacher satisfaction degree besides depends upon how much book installation is given to them from the college side. If instructors are given full freedom to entree any figure of books, diaries so their satisfaction degree will be higher and vice-versa.28. brotherly positionThe sort the societal position your college will supply besides affects the satisfaction degree of instructors. If one is working in a really reputed college so his satisfaction will be higher in comparing to others.29. Personal LifeIt has direct nexus with occupation satisfaction. If a individual is happy and satisfied in his personal life than he enjoys making his occupation excessively which gives his occupation satisfaction.30. Transportation system installationsIf the transit installation is available to the instructors so it gives them satisfaction and frailty versa.31. Job SecurityJo b security means keeping a occupation that provides a expert hereafter. Everyone wants security of his/her occupation. If one is secure about his hereafter than it is easy for him/her to concentrate on his/her occupation good, which in return give them satisfaction.Ashford et al. , ( 1989 ) examined the impact of occupation insecurity on organizational committedness and occupation satisfaction and found that occupation insecurity is leads to cut down satisfaction and committedness. There is besides grounds were occupation insecurity reduces occupation public presentation ( Rosow & A Zager, 1985 ) .DecisionFrom the above informations it can be concluded that there are figure of factors which causes satisfaction and dissatisfaction to faculty members. But there is no standard factor which affect all at the same time. Their impact is changing from individual to individual. It happens that the factor which causes dissatisfaction to one may do satisfaction to other or does non impact h im at all.At the same clip these factors are non limited. There can be more factors which open more avenues research.